P-Lab

路由器RIP动态路由配置

PPPerryPan2022-02-13学习笔记路由交换

例

  • 目标
    • 掌握RIP协议的配置方法；
    • 掌握查看通过动态路山协议RIP学习产生的路由；
    • 熟悉广域网线缆的连接方式；
  • 背景
    • 假设校园网通过一台三层交换机连到校园网出口路由器上，路由器再和校园外的另一台路由器连接。现要做适当配置，实现校园网内部主机与校园网外部主机之间的相互通信。为了简化网管的管理维护工作，学校决定采用RIP V2协议实现互通。
  • 原理
    • RIP（Routing Information Protocols，路由信息协议）是应用较早、使用较普通的IGP内部网关协议，适用用于小型同类网络，是距离矢量协议；
    • RIP协议跳数做为衡量路径开销的，RIP协议里规定最大跳数为15；
    • RIP协议有两个版本：
      • RIPv1：有类路由协议，不支持VLSM，以广播形式进行路由信息的更新，更新周期为30秒；
      • RIPv2：无类路由协议，支持VLSM，以组播形式进行路由更新。
  • 步骤
    • 新建packet tracer拓扑图（如图）
      • 在本实验中的三层交换机上划分VLAN10和VLAN20，其中VLAN10用于连接校园网主机，VIAN20用于连接R1
      • 路由器之间通过V.35电缆通过串口连接，DCE端连接在R1上，配置其时钟频率64000
      • 主机和交换机通过直连线连接，主机与路由器通过交叉线连接。
      • 在S3560上配置RIP V2路由协议。
      • 在路由器R1，R2上配置RIP V2路由协议。
      • 将PC1、PC2主机默认网关分别设置为与直连网络设备接口IP地址。
      • 验证PC1，PC2主机之间可以互相通信：

拓扑与主机IP配置

8.1

三层交换机配置

  • 划分VLAN

    Switch>en
Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#hostname S0
S0(config)#vlan 10
S0(config-vlan)#exit
S0(config)#vlan 20
S0(config-vlan)#exit
S0(config)#int fa 0/10
S0(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
S0(config-if)#int fa 0/20
S0(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
S0(config-if)#exit
S0(config)#end
S0#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

S0#show vlan

VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1    default                          active    Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
                                                Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
                                                Fa0/9, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13
                                                Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17
                                                Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/21, Fa0/22
                                                Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig0/1, Gig0/2
10   VLAN0010                         active    Fa0/10
20   VLAN0020                         active    Fa0/20
1002 fddi-default                     active    
1003 token-ring-default               active    
1004 fddinet-default                  active    
1005 trnet-default                    active    

VLAN Type  SAID       MTU   Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp  BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1    enet  100001     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0
10   enet  100010     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0
20   enet  100020     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0
1002 fddi  101002     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0   
 --More--

  • 设置IP

    S0#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
S0(config)#interface vlan 10
S0(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan10, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan10, changed state to up

S0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
S0(config-if)#no shut
S0(config-if)#exit
S0(config)#int
S0(config)#interface vlan 20
S0(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan20, changed state to up

S0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
S0(config-if)#no shut
S0(config-if)#exit
S0(config)#ip routing					! 启用交换机的路由功能
S0(config)#end

  • 查看路由表

    S0#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

S0#show ip rou
S0#show ip route 
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10

  • 查看运行状态

    S0#show run
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 1369 bytes
!
version 12.2(37)SE1
no service timestamps log datetime msec
no service timestamps debug datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname S0
!
 --More-- 
!
interface FastEthernet0/10
 switchport access vlan 10
!
 --More-- 
!
interface FastEthernet0/20
 switchport access vlan 20
 --More-- 
interface Vlan10
 mac-address 0004.9ab0.6801
 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan20
 mac-address 0004.9ab0.6802
 ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
 --More-- 
end

  • RIP视图下发布直连路由

    S0#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
S0(config)#rout
S0(config)#router rip
S0(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
S0(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0
S0(config-router)#version 2				!配置版本号
S0(config-router)#end
S0#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

S0#show ip rou
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10

配置R0

  • IP与时钟频率

    Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R0
R0(config)#int fa 0/0
R0(config-if)#no shut

R0(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

R0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
R0(config-if)#interface serial 2/0
R0(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
R0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
R0(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R0(config-if)#end
R0#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R0#show ip rou
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

  • 配置RIP与发布直连路由

    R0#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

R0(config)#router rip
R0(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0
R0(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0
R0(config-router)#version 2
R0(config-router)#end

配置R1

  • IP

    Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#int fa 0/0
R1(config-if)#no shut

R1(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit 
R1(config)#int serial 2/0
R1(config-if)#no shut

R1(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

R1(config-if)#ip address 
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

% Incomplete command.
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#end
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R1#show ip rou
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set
												!注：此时路由表只有2项
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0

  • 配置RIP与发布直连路由

    R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0
R1(config-router)#version 2
R1(config-router)#end
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R1#show ip route 
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set
												!此时路由表已有4项
R    192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:08, Serial2/0
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R    192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:08, Serial2/0
C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0

  • 同时 R0、S0 上的路由表也有4项了

    R0#show ip rou
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

R    192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:14, FastEthernet0/0
R    192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.4.2, 00:00:14, Serial2/0
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0

    S0#show ip rou
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10
R    192.168.2.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:23, Vlan20
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan20
R    192.168.4.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:23, Vlan20

测试 PC0 ping PC1

C:\>ipconfig

FastEthernet0 Connection:(default port)

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix..: 
   Link-local IPv6 Address.........: FE80::290:CFF:FE8D:59D6
   IPv6 Address....................: ::
   IPv4 Address....................: 192.168.1.2
   Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
   Default Gateway.................: ::
                                     192.168.1.1

Bluetooth Connection:

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix..: 
   Link-local IPv6 Address.........: ::
   IPv6 Address....................: ::
   IPv4 Address....................: 0.0.0.0
   Subnet Mask.....................: 0.0.0.0
   Default Gateway.................: ::
                                     0.0.0.0

C:\>ping 192.168.2.2

Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125

Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 2, Lost = 2 (50% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms
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